Hris Replacement Essay Example for Free

Hris Replacement EssayCost Plan Part of formulate oversight is the estimation of the stand cost. The budget can be derived from the bulge out plan by looking at the following criteria (Marchewka, 2009) * estimated duration of activities, * resources identified and assign to chores, and * wages and oertime rate for resources. In addition to hard numbers resource take aiming is important. Resource leveling helps with accurately planning a confinement and will help identify if people are scheduled to have more work than hours in a day.Having too much work designate to one person is a risk to the project. Figure 2 Riordan budget Report illustrates the Riordan HRIS replacement project budget found on the resources completelyocated to tasks in the project plan. The budget report will be monitored weekly at the beginning of the project and daily as the project progresses. Additional cost factors such as material, facility cost, insurance, and other administrative costs will be added to the project budget cost to establish the overall project budget. Figure 2 Riordan Budget Report Performance standardIt is important to not only to establish critical tasks and sub-tasks, but also to identify a means to measure up-to-the-minute progress against estimated progress. Without a clear understanding of where the project is in regards to the timeline precaution is unable to identify potential trouble acts and delays that can drive up costs and derail the project. What Is Performance Measurement The U. S. General Accounting Office (GAO) provides the following definition of Performance Measurement Performance measurement is the ongoing supervise and reporting of program accomplishments, particularly progress towards pre-established goals.It is typically conducted by program or agency management. Performance measures may address the type or level of program activities conducted (process), the direct products and services delivered by a program (outputs), and /or the results of those products and services (out captures). A program may be any activity, project, function, or polity that has an identifiable purpose or set of objectives. (Performance-Based Management Special Interest Group (PBM SIG), 2001, p. 3).When undergoing a project or process there must be a method in place to judge or measure the progress and outcome, which will allow management to make intelligent decisions. Performance Measurement delivers that data management requires by applying a method of evaluating progress toward accomplishing predetermined goals, including discipline on the efficiency with which resources are transformed into goods and services (PM Solutions Center for byplay Practices, 2005). Performance Measurement vs. Value MeasurementIn measuring performance, program management is trying to gather information to help them make decisions to affect deepen that, with any luck, will improve that performance. For example, project performance measures are i nitiated to provide crucial information to managers in ordering to provide purpose and direction over the project. Those measures must be pertinent and applicable to the organizational level that can immediately effect change based on information it learns in order to control the performance of the project.In measuring esteem, you are trying to demonstrate that decisions you made to implement change, through project management improvement initiatives, has indeed added value to the organization. This is actually measuring value rather than performance, which may not be the same. While improved performance can be translated into value, value measurement, provide information on the performance of the organization rather than performance of the project. Riordan consider Performance Measures Measurement Construct The Measurement Construct utilized in the Riordan Project is based on the adherence to estimate.Accurate project estimation is crucial in keeping project costs down and stake holders happy. The Key Performance Indicator project managers want to minimize is expressed by the formula (E-A)/E, where E = estimated Value to over(p) project and A = actual Value used to complete project. Project managers can substitute any value into the equation, such as hours or cost, to determine adherence to estimate. This will allow the project management team to spot trends early on during the project and then make the necessary adjustments.To better illustrate this concept figure 2 depicts the subtasks identified as Milestones. The project management has estimated the time required to complete the 1st phase of the project (Project Preparation) would require 10 days. Completion of the phase is signaled by the development of the Statement Of Works. The project management team could measure the performance of the project resources or team members by comparing the actual time required to complete the Milestone against the estimated time to complete the Milestone. Figure 3 M ilestonesFigure 2 depicts that the estimated time to complete phase 1 was 10 days. If the actual time required to complete phase 1 was recorded at 12. 5 days the performance measure would be as follows (10-12. 5)/12. 5= -20% This value describes a value of -20% of efficiency of the performance of this task. Ideally the task performance would be 0% the milestone would have been completed within the time estimated during the project inception. While many may feel it is better to come in under the original estimate, the goal is to optimize resources and organizational assets throughout the project.Over committing assets and resources on one project may have undesirable personal effects in other areas of the organization. The discern is to have exactly the required assets and resources available when required and only when required. Project service line The project baseline is set when all of the details for the planned project are set. The project baseline in MS Project is set by sele cting View Gantt Chart Tools Tracking curing Baseline Entire Project (eHow, 2011). The Riordan HRIS replacement project baseline is illustrated in Figure 3 Riordan HRIS Project Baseline Illustration.Figure 4 Riordan HRIS Project Baseline Illustration Evaluation Figure 5 Riordan HRIS Replacement Tracking Sheet Risk Analysis Reporting Project Evaluation and Reporting takes a key role in the process and collection of project information for all members involved in the project to track changes, maintain budgetary requirements, and complete objectives on-time. monitor the progress of the project allows you to adapt the program as needed to ensure that you attain your objectives.

Animal Imagery of Moral Reversal Essay Example for Free

Animal Imagery of Moral Reversal EssayIn William Shakespeares Macbeth, the content of moral corruption is portrayed through the moral reversal of animals through out the play. Shakespeare utilizes this str take ingy to help establish the theme to his audience. This type of reversal is comm merely connected with Macbeth himself and the more he grows self corrupt, the more abundant the animal imagery.Toward the beginning of the play, Macbeth is portrayed off as a lion in proportion to a rabbit, an eagle in comparison into a sparrow, showing Macbeths courageousness and bravery Yes as sparrows eagles, or the hare the lion. If I say sooth, they were as cannons overcharged with double cracks (Act I Scene II Line 35). This image only helps establish further the moral reversal and corruption throughout the play beca mathematical function, as a reader, Macbeth is here seen as a brave courageous man, a hero if you must. But as the play goes on, we drastically see a miscellany in Macbe th as he grows more corrupt and following along with it, we see the change in animal imagery associated with Macbeth.Not only does Shakespeare use animal imagery to portray Macbeth and his own corruption, but he also uses it to evoke it by depicting moral disorder amongst the animals themselves, showing how Macbeths actions non only affect him, but the difference of nature as well. On Tuesday last A falcon towring in her pride of place, Was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed. And Duncans horses a thing most strange and certain Turned wild in nature Tis said they ate each other. This scene was depicted after Duncans death by the murderous hand of Macbeth. This not only shows how Macbeths negative actions upset the balance of nature, but it shows the destroying of balance with in Macbeth himself. This comparison to Macbeth earlier being portrayed as a lion, an eagle, as this courageous man, shows his shift in character. Its a great depiction of his corruption progressing within contrast to earlier depictions.We have scorched the snake, not killed it. Shell be close and be herself, whilst our poor malice be in danger of her former tooth. In Act III Scene II, Macbeth thinks of Banquo in this way because of the witches saying he will make kings, but not be one himself. Macbeth refers to Banquo like this because he has identified Banquo as a threat that could, as a snake can, lurk in the underbrush and happen upon him when he least expects it. It is an ironic use of the image, since it is Macbeth who really is the snake.Macbeth falls deeper in his corruption, only causing him to seek out to get rid of others who he sees as a threat. The animal imagery here helps portray this image and this detail. Macbeth says o, full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife Meaning his mind is full of evils and dark thoughts. This shows his acknowledgment of his corruption, and here we can see more that Macbeth has fallen deeper into his own corruption in contrast to early port rayals of his corruption.Throughout Macbeth, Shakespeare uses animal imagery not only as metaphorical imagery, but to portray the fall of Macbeth and his inner corruption.

The Notion Of Machine Translation English Language Essay

The Notion Of utensil displacement reaction slope run-in EssayThe displacement reaction process was menti championd as creation matchless of the most effective that is a means of communication especially among cultures of different spoken communications. definition as a concept has existed hundred years ago, that it is only during the second half of the twentieth century that it emerged as an independent academic. A terrible need for definition has prompted specialized and theorists in the field to taste for to a greater extent sophisticated methods and techniques for quick, cheap and effective deracination. Thus, a new type of translation has appeared to compete with Human description which is called motorcar translation or the robotlike translation.Nowadays the use of mold translation is really authoritative than we may think, because different aspects of modern life have direct for more efficient methods of translation, then the withdraw for translation is not satisfied, because there are not enough compassionate translators, or because individuals and organizations do not recognize translation as a complex activity requiring a high level of skill, and therefore they are not prepared to pay what it is worth.This research attempts to compare the most important lingual aspects of machine translation and to analyze its main problems.The purpose of the assumption research is to analyze the difficulties of machine translation.The hypothesis that we postulate for this research is that the interlingua approach display the greatest degree of difficulty in the process of translation.The specific objectives of the research areto define the notion of gondola renderingto identify and compare different machine translation approachesto analyze the main problems of machine translationThe research methods employed in the work are analysis, which was used for the study of machine translation and find out its essential features diachronic analysis, t hat focuses on historical development of machine translation the classification method was used for classifying the strategies of machine translation and their problems of ambiguity.We chose this topic, because the machine translation is a tool that allows people to have information about a grade of things in different spoken communications and to understand it without knowing the language. Furthermore it permits us to have the core of a word or expressions in a rapid and effective way. As well Machine definition provides translators useful tools that serve well them to make their achievement line more efficiently and faster.The most important extensions that have been used are Concise History of the Language Sciences from the Sumerians to the cognitivists by Koemer E.F., An Introduction to Machine Translation by W. J. Hutchins and Harold L. Somers, Introducing Translation Studies Theories and Applications by Munday J., Machine Translation by Maegaard B., and Machine Transla tion An Introductury Guide by Arnold D. J,Language is the major method for people communicating with each(prenominal) other, barely people goat only communicate each other with language they both know. Unfortunately there are around 7000 different kinds of languages in the world, and these languages may have different writing systems, grammar and pronunciation. On the other hand, the fast grows of worldwide communication (such as international businesses, national diplomacy, and international conferences) making the demand of translation (such as business enter translation, legal document translation and scientific and technical documents translation) is also growing rapidly, cheap and fast translations are required. In this case machine translation becomes a solution.Identifying different definitions of Machine TranslationMachine translation of natural languages, commonly known as MT, has multiple personalities. Sergei Nirenburg and Yorick Wilks, in their book Machine Transla tion claim that,first of all, machine translation is a venerable scientific enterprise, a component of the larger area of studies concerned with the studies of human language understanding capacity.They write that MT is also a technological challenge of the first order. It offers an opportunity to test the understanding of the syntax and semantics of a variety of languages by encoding this vast, though seldom comprehensive, knowledge into a form suitable for processing by computer programs. Also in this book Machine Translation they state that MT has a strong connection with the needs of modern societies. It feces be understood as an economic necessity, considering that the growth of international communication keeps intensifying both at government, for instance, European Union, NAFTA, GATT and business and commerce levels, for instance, the exporters need product documentation in the languages of the countries where their products are marketed 12.In the article design History of Machine Translation Research Leon Dostert mentions that the story of the genesis of machine translation was traced with care in the first compendium of essays on the subject empower Machine Translation of Languages, edited by William Lock and A. Donald Booth. In which they write that the transference of meaning from one patterned set of signs occurring in a given culture into another set of patterned signs occurring in another related culture by means of an electronic computer 7.In the report Language and Machines Computers in Translation and Linguistics is stated that machine translation means that it should go by algorithm from machine- readable source schoolbook to useful taper textual matter, without recourse to human translation or editing 1.In An Introduction to Machine Translation W. John Hutchins and Harold L. Somers explain that the term Machine Translation is the conventional and standard name for computerized systems responsible for the production of translations fro m one natural language into another, with or without human assistance. Machine translation rump be named as mechanised translation and automatic translation. These terms are now rarely used in English, but their equivalents in other languages are used, for physical exertion in french traduction automatique, or in Russian . Also in this book is written that the term does not include computer-based translation tools which support translators by providing access to dictionaries and hostile terminology databases, facilitating the transmission and reception of machine-readable texts, or interacting with word processing, text editing or printing equipment, but, however, it includes systems in which translators or other users assist computers in the production of translations, including various combinations of text preparation, on-line interactions and subsequent revisions of output 16.M.Kay and Xerox Parc in their article Machines and People in Translation write that we should disti nguish a narrower and a wider use for the term machine translation. In the narrow sense, the term refers to a batch process in which a text is given over to a machine from which a result is collected which is the output of the machine translation process. When we use the term in the wider sense, it includes all the process required to obtain last translation output on paper 8.In the article Machine Translation Workstation is stated that the MT is a general tree-manipulation system with several entire inference strategies. They demonstrate the process of machine translation through the following schemeAnd they say that when a user applies the machine he/she writes a master base to control the execution of the machine and chooses the appropriate inference strategy. The machine takes well-defined lingual trees as stimulant drug and produces as output trees which represent meaning-preserving transformations of the input trees. Furthermore the MT is language independent, because it impose restrictions on what kinds of transformations are possible 4.In conclusion we can say that machine translation is an automatic linguistic translation, namely, a word-by-word translation and it refers to the utilization of software to transform text from one language to another language.Machine Translation StrategiesIn the article Machine Translation and Computer-Assisted Translation Craciunescu states that Machine translation is an autonomous operating system with strategies and approaches that can be classified as followsthe direct strategythe transfer strategythe pivot man language strategyShe says that the direct strategy is based on a predefined source language- score language binomial in which each word of the source language syntagm is directly linked to a corresponding unit in the target language with a unidirectional correlation, for example from English to Spanish but not the other way round.But the transfer strategyis based on the level of representation and invo lves three distributor points. The analysis stage describes the source document linguistically and uses a source language dictionary. The transfer stage transforms the results of the analysis stage and establishes the linguistic and structural equivalents surrounded by the two languages. It uses a bilingual dictionary from source language to target language. The generation stage produces a document in the target language on the basis of the linguistic data of the source language by means of a target language dictionary.The pivot language strategyis based on the idea of creating a representation of the text independent of any particular language. This representation functions as a neutral that is distinct from both the source language and the target language. This method reduces the machine translation process to only two stages analysis and generation. The analysis of the source text leads to a conceptual representation, the diverse components of which are matched by the generati on module to their equivalents in the target language 5.Another characterization of strategies of MT we find at W.J. Hutchins and Jonathan Sloculn in their articles Machine Translation A Brief History and Its History, Current Status, and succeeding(a) Prospects distinguish three basic strategies.The first strategy is referred to the direct translation approach. Direct translation is characteristic of a system designed from the start to translate out of one specific language and into another. For example, Russian is the language of the original texts-the source language, and English is the language of the translated texts-the target language. Translation is direct from the source language (SL) text to the target language (TL) text 14.Arnold in his book Machine Translation represents the direct approach through the following scheme3Text SLDirect Translation Text TLThe second basic design strategy is the Interlingua approach, which assumes that it is possible to convert SL texts into representations common to more than one language. Furthermore the Interlingua approach is characteristic of a system in which the representation of the meaning of the source language input is intended to be independent of any language, and this representation is used to synthesize the target language output 14.In his book Machine Translation Arnold represents the Interlingua approach through the following scheme 3ILAnalysis synthesisDirect TranslationText SL Text TLThe tercet basic strategy is the less ambitious transfer approach. The transfer approach is characteristic of a system in which the underlying representation of the meaning of a grammatical unit (e.g., sentence) differs depending on the language from which it was derived or into which it is to be generated this implies the existence of a third translation stage which maps one language-specific meaning representation into another this stage is called Transfer. The transfer approach operates through three stages involving underlying ( elevate) representations for both SL and TL texts. The first stage converts SL texts into abstract SL-oriented representations the second stage converts these into equivalent TL-oriented representations and the third generates the final TL texts. Whereas the Interlingua approach necessarily requires complete resolution of all ambiguities in the SL text so that translation into any other language is possible, in the transfer approach only those ambiguities inherent in the language in question are tackled problems of lexical differences mingled with languages are dealt with in the second stage (transfer proper) 14.Arnold also represents the third approach, the transfer approach, through a scheme as follow 3Analysis IS SLTransfer ISTLSynthesisTEXT SL Text TLDirect TranslationIn brief, the interlingual machine translationis one of the classic approaches tomachine translation. In this approach, the source language the text to be translated is transformed into an interlingu a an abstract language-independent representation. The target language is then generated from the interlingua. Furthermore, the interlingual approach is an alternative to the direct approachand thetransfer approach.Main problems of machine translationThe major problems of all MT systems concern the resolution of lexical and structural ambiguities, both within languages (monolingual ambiguity) and between languages (bilingual ambiguity). The lexical ambiguity is when a word has more than one meaning, but when a phrase or sentence can have more than one structure it is called structural ambiguity 3.Hutchins in his article Machine Translation History and General Principles mentions that any monolingual ambiguity is a potential difficulty in translation since there will be more than one possible equivalent. For instance, homographs and polysemes (English cry, French voler) must be resolved before translation (French pleurer or crier, English fly or steal) ambiguities of grammatical cat egory (English precipitate as noun, adjective or verb, face as noun or verb) must likewise be resolved for choice between lumire, clair or allumer, etc. He states that the examples of monolingual structural ambiguities occur when a word or phrase can potentially modify more than one element of a sentence. And he explains this through the following example, old men and women, the adjective old may refer only to men or to both men and women 15.Prepositional phrases can modify almost any preceding verb or noun phrase,e.g. (a) The car was driven by the teacher with great skill.(b) The car was driven by the teacher with faulty tyres.(c) The car was driven by the teacher with red hair.Lexical and structural ambiguities may and often unify He saw her shaking hands, where shaking can be either an adjective hands which were shaking or a verb component that she was shaking hands 15.Bilingual lexical ambiguities occur primarily when the TL makes distinctions absent in the SL E.g. English ri ver can be rivire or fleuve (Fluss or Strom)English eat can be German essen or fressenEnglish wall can be French mur or paroi, German Wand, Mauer or Wall.Hutchins implies that an example which can inllustrate this is the translation of wear from English to Japanese. Although there is a generic verb kiru it is normal to use the verb appropriate to the type of item worn haoru (coat or jacket), haku (shoes or trousers), kaburu (hat), hameru (ring or gloves), shimeru (belt, tie or scarf), tsukeru (brooch or clip), kakeru (glasses or necklace), hayasu (moustache) 15.Also in this article is pointed out that the bilingual structural differences cover both general facts, for instance, in English the adjectives generally precede nouns but that they usually follow them in French, and differences conditioned by specific lexical differences. A familiar example occurs when translating the English verb like She likes to play tennis, as a German adverb gern Sie spielt gern Tennis 15. some other ex amples aresimple verbs (trust) rendered by circumlocutions (avoir confiance )single clauses He pushed open the door restructured as a subordinate clause Il a ouvert la porte en la poussant 14.The structural differences combine with lexical differences, for instance the translation of know into French or German, where choice of connatre (kennen) or savoir (wissen) affects both structure Je connais lhomme. (Ich kenne den Mann) Je sais ce quil sappelle. (Ich weiss wie er heisst) and the translation of other lexical items (what as ce que and wie) 14.The morphological analysis is concerned with the identification of base forms from infected forms of nouns, verbs and adjectives (irregular forms being entered as units in dictionaries), with the recognition of derivational forms (e.g. English -ly as an adverb derived from an adjective, German -heit as a noun from an adjective), and with the segmentation of compound forms in languages like German (Dampfschiff, Dampfhammer) 14.In the An Intro duction to Machine Translation Hutchins reveals that all MT systems have problems with unknown words, especially with the neologisms and new combinations. He says that if derivational elements and components can be correctly identified then can be translated with the international equivalences of many elements, for instance, French demi- and English semi-, French -ique and English -ic) 16.However, segmentation can be problematic, e.g. extradition analysed as both extradit+ion and ex+tradition, cooperate as both co+operate and cooper+ate. He suggests that these would be resolved by dictionary consultation, but sometimes alternative segmentations are equally well-grounded (German Wachtraum could be guard room (Wacht+Raum) or day dream (Wach+Traum), until one is eliminated at a later stage 16.In his article Machine Translation A Brief History Hutchins writes that in MT there are three basic approaches to syntactic structure analysis. The first aim is to identify allow sequences of g rammatical categories, for instance, in English article + adjective + noun. This approach is based on predictive analysis, which is a sequence of categories predicted that the followingcategory would be one of a relatively limited set. The second aim to recognize groups ofcategories, for instance, as noun phrases, verb phrases, clauses, and ultimately sentences. These are based on phrase structure or constituency grammar. The third aim to identify dependencies among categories, for example, reflecting the fact that prepositions determine the case forms of German and Russian nouns, that the form of a French adjective is determined by the noun it modifies. The basis is dependence grammar 14.He also claims that SL structures are transformed into equivalent TL structures by conversion rules, in the case of phrase structure or dependency trees by tree transducers, which may apply either unconditionally, for example, English adjective+noun to French noun+adjective or conditionally, follow ed by specific lexical items, for example, English like to German gern 15.Another problem which identifies Arnold is the multiword units like idioms and collocations. The real problem with idioms is that they are not generally fixed in their form 3.Hutchins in his article Machine Translation History and General principles points out that MT systems can fail for many practical reasons, for instance, unknown words neologisms or new compounds, misspellings supercede, persue, British orthography quite of expected American traveller for traveler, typographical errors from instead of form, wrong usages principle as an adjective, ungrammaticalness none of them were present. Even if full disambiguation cannot be achieved, a crude translation may be obtained with basic phrase structure identification. It is now common for systems to retain information from all levels of analysis thus transfer (or interlingual) representations will combine morphological, syntactic, semantic and thematic info rmation 15.Historically, MT systems have progressively introduced deeper levels of analysis andtransfer. Early word-for-word systems were restricted to bilingual dictionaries and simplemorphology. Later direct systems introduced syntactic analysis and synthesis. Phrase structure and dependency analyses provided the basis for simple transfer systems with little semantic analysis.ConclusionThe use of machine translation is more important than we may think. It could be claimed that the resources available to the translator through information technology imply a change in the relationship between the translator and the text, that is to say, a new way of translating. However, there is the development of new capabilities, which leads us to point out a number of essential aspects of the current situation. Translating with the help of the computer is emphatically not the same as working exclusively on paper and with paper products such as conventional dictionaries, because computer tools p rovide us with a relationship to the text which is much more flexible than a purely lineal reading. Furthermore, the Internet with its universal access to information and instant communication between users has created a physical and geographical freedom for translators that were inconceivable in the past. Translators need to accept the new technologies and learn how to use them to their maximum potential as a means to increased productivity and quality improvement. As we mentioned there are problems of ambiguity when working with MT, and those problems are also common for us. A clear example would be translations from Spanish to Basque.In those translations, apart from ambiguity problems, there would be structural problems, because structurally Spanish and Basque are completely different.Having analyzed some theoretical sources we came to the following conclusionsMachine translations enable people to have information in many languages, helping to understand it without knowing the languageMT provides translators useful tools that help them to make their job more efficiently and fasterIt can output much larger volumes of translation than any team of translatorsMachine translation rarely reaches truth levels above 70%Machine translation is a venerable scientific enterprise, a technological challenge of the first order and it can be understood as an economic necessityMachine translation is an automatic linguistic translation, namely, a word-by-word translationMachine translation refers to the utilization of software to translate text from one language to another languageIn the process of translation Machine Translations encounter some problems of ambiguity that make that their use to be hard.This research could be a good basis for a further development of this topic, namely, a profound analysis of different machine translation and their accuracy in translating. We consider that the given study might be of great use to researchers in the field of translation and linguistics. It may serve as a reference point for the elaboration of year and graduation papers.Finally, we should point out that machine translation has an important role in the process of translation and is very helpful for translators.

Working With Different Service User Groups

Working With Different Service User GroupsExplore the challenges faced by the take issueences in working with three Service User Groups adults, older populate and children. Discuss how, by drawing on relevant life course theories, your communication skills would need to be modified in order to meet these challenges and bear effective, anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive.Interacting via communication with Service users is of one of the highest important aims for social / c argon workers providing manage. Each individual case is unique and I lease for be explaining how communication skills differ from each individual to the next.There are many different life course theories that bay window be used to explain how a person develops done the stages of life. In this assignment I go forth be looking at Eric Bernes Transactional analysis for the adult multitude and carrying how adults commit to change their tone and flair as they are seen as the teachers for the next pro pagation. I entrust be explaining Cunning and Henrys Disengagement theory as this is a very important variant for older people and communication can be limited because of the perils of old age. Also I go forth be looking at Piagets cognitive growth theory and Bolwbys fond regard theory in relation to children and how these theories affect communication. Eriksons eight stages of psychosocial training contains elements for all three age groups so I will be looking briefly at the different stages involved, and I will also be looking at any challenges that continue indoors the groups and what skills are necessitate to all over obtain this via social work / care workers.Interacting via communication with Service users is of one of the highest important aims for social / care workers providing care. Each individual case is unique and I will be explaining how communication skills differ from each one person to the next. There are many different life course theories that can be us ed to explain how a person goes through the stages of life. For adults I will be taking you through Eric Bernes Transactional analysis and for the aged(a) group I will look at Cunning and Henry Disengagement Theory and how this affects communication for the older generation and then I will be looking at Piagets cognitive development theory and Bowlbys attachment theory and how these theories affect communication deep down the childrens group. Then I will be showing how Eriksons eight stages of psychosocial development are involved in all three service user groups and I will also be looking at any challenges that occur within the groups and what skills are needed to overcome this via social work / care workers.A life course is the advancement a person takes from birth to period (Crawford and Walker, 2003 p. 3) Also (Newman and Newman, 2007 p. 185) shows the life course as a perspective which helps to explain how altering societal predicaments affect development and combination of the phases of family and work life over a number of years. (Fiske, 1982 p. 2) explains communication as being an action that every person can identify with, by talking, listening to the television or distributing experience these are all cultivates of communication. He describes two main studies of communication as being any an expression of nomenclature or a creation and backup of meanings.If we take a look at the Transactional analysis theory (Woods, 2010) shows that Eric Bernes theory was about ego states which are parent, adult and child. It covers a wide range of max advancement including communication, behaviour and personality. Looking at adult communication he saw this as being the main voice used to influence the full-length learning process. He believes that if someone is talking in a childish manner automatically the adult will respond with a voice of authority, either in a sarcastic tone or a caring parenting manner. (Chapman, 1995) also shows that transactional a nalysis is used for therapeutic, personal development and communication it helps a person understand ones egotism. To communicate we use our own feelings which can shift at any one given quantify, and to reply we will use the exact direction of thinking. So to gather in st suitable conversations an adult needs to act interested to what is being said and show the person speaking that they have their full vigilance and this will get for a stronger relationship between them both.Favourable communication according to (Weger and Polcar, 2002) is the basic domain of an interpersonal friendship. If you offer support and are spontaneous to furnish comfort through good and bad epochs then this will in turn be a healthy natural relationship.(Wolvin, 2010 p.144) believes the artistic creation of communication is to listen, with doing this you are better able to understand the concept of communicating, and then you can identify and evaluate the question helping you to make sense of it . behavioral issues can be defined by a persons determined state, they show up as objectives and by using these objectives a person will come up with a way of achieving their potential via talking. So by communicating it is up to the individual to put as much in take a hopation into the conversation so the recipient can define their answer to make it a purposeful state (Ackoff, 1958)(Nussbaum, 2000) states that elderly people have to regularly change their lifestyle to vary to adjustments associated with getting older. Age can cause many challenges for communication, examples are memory loss or loss of hearing. Because of these it could take con inclinerable time for any acknowledgement whilst sampleing to communicate, they may tend to make inaccurate sentences and be less sensitive about issues that may otherwise hurt someone elses feelings. There are many theories linked to prosperous aging examples of these are continuity theory, activity theory, socioemotional selectivity the ory and disengagement theory.Looking at the disengagement theory (Maddox, 1964) states that the disengagement is the last-place stage of the life course process. Life goals are a very important phrase in everybodys life and this seems to extend through to the older generation also. The belief is that psychological departure leads to total exclusion from the older persons social life, and without this communication will be very limited as they may not have any family of friends visiting on a daily basis.Communication with older people can be a complicated process. At the time when it is needed the most communication seems to be a burden because of the life processes which come with the old age. To overcome some of the frustrations of speaking to an older person if you allow extra time for them to speak and sit face to face with them, then if there is any hearing loss at least the person can watch your lips to understand what you are saying to them. If you speak slowly and clearly or even write down some of the conversation to explain in a bit more detail this then will help the person immensely and by doing this you are showing respect and helpfulness towards to person you are talking to (Robinson et al. 2006)There are many challenges involved with working with older people, (Hepple, 2004) shows there are many set outes that can be used to try and boost communication issues. Group and behavioural approach or reality familiarisation is widely used to try and amend the forgotten memories. Whichever approach is used will depend mainly on the resources of the institution that is providing the care plan for the service users involved.Looking at Piagets cognitive development (Feldman, 2004) believes that his work was not the dominant foe for a while but now it has accomplished extensive significance to researchers again. Some critics thought his work was to complex and to widespread but his stages still form the basis of the developing mind. (Boeree, 1999) shows t he stages of development for a child as being the Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations and the formal operations stage. According to (Koprowska, 2005 p. 97) a baby within the first couple of months will try and make blubbering noises in response to you talking to them and will only start trying to develop simple words by the age of one. So the best means of communication with young children would be via play and interaction. Children do not enjoy sitting for long periods of time so by drawing or innovative games could be the easiest way for communication to take place for the younger age groups in Piagets stages.(Geddes, 2007) believes that using Bowlbys attachment theory will help in the understanding of sensitive experiences which in turn helps you to communicate with young children. The basis of communication is to show your inner self via your feelings, thoughts and creativity. So by looking at Bowlby, the attachment for a child will help with their future experienc es if the start of their life is one of security within a family unit. The child then will be able to examine the world and if there are any pressures they can always return to their undecomposed haven for security. With a negative attachment a child will struggle with communication and relationships. They tend to be in tell and prefer to keep themselves to themselves as they dont respond well to any attention and can start to be disruptive and aggressive because they feel vulnerable and out of their depth.The Children Act 1989 sets out the rights of the child, so the child needs to engage in any outcomes that will modify their lives and future. Social workers need impressive skills in communication as there are many barriers that can stop any interaction with the child so they need the ability to be able to cope under any form of pressure or obstacle placed before them. Social workers deal with many families and young children all with very different backgrounds examples of these are children who are passing care, children who have behavioural problems and children who may have health problems or disabilities, each case is different so the social worker needs to be able to produce a care plan and have the skills in place to communicate on every different level to provide the best accomplishable care for the service users involved. (Koprowska, 2005 p. 94)Eriksons eight stages of psychosocial development involve all three age groups, when looking at children Eriksons stages progress through at least quadruple of them. (Adoption media, 1995) states that if a child wants to proceed onto the next stage they need to complete the one before. A child will develop trust if well cared for and be insecure if not this will show up in all the stages there is a negative to every positive. So a child will only learn from what they are taught and if they are shown the right way to develop through the various stages then as they become parents they will be secure and happ y to show their children the right upbringing to carry on the process to the next generation.(Zastrow and Ashman, 2007 p. 444) states that the seventh stage of Eriksons life development is Generativity versus stagnation. Generativity is instructing family and friends to make improvements in their lives to make the future better for their offspring. This will involve safeguarding and improving the lives of future generations for a better quality of life. Stagnation on the other overstep is the selfish side of the stage, adults who only think about their own needs and are not willing to take anyone elses feelings into consideration.(Greene and Kropf, 2009 p. 90) shows Eriksons final stage as being Integrity versus Despair. absoluteness is achieved if the person involved has leaded a full and complete life, dealing with everyday disappointments as well as accomplishments successfully. Despair on the other hand is for the people who fear death and the ones who have not accomplished ev erything they wanted to do in their lives and wish for another chance to achieve this.If communication is not sort in the identity stage (Sanchez, 2002) states that this could affect self confidence in later life. New ideas start from communication, a person needs to be able to express their thoughts and feelings. Interpersonal communication through all of Eriksons stages will help an individual have a healthy developed identity.(SCIE 2010) shows how social workers have to work by their codes of ethics and values showing respect, empathy and a genuine helpfulness towards the service user they are working with. They will always provide a complete care package to help empower the individual to deliver the best possible outcome. If the social care worker uses an interpersonal approach this in turn will guide the service user to help them decide how their care is achieved and help make the decision process a group decision, so communication is a key element to this approach which will t hen help with the relationship between the user and the social care worker.To summarize there are many different ways to communicate with the three service user groups. People who work in the social work/care sector are trained to be able to customise their expertise to care and communicate at all levels. If the care worker shows empathy and helpfulness they will get more back from the service user then they would if you started the conversation with an aggressive attitude. Service users what to be listened to, they want you to understand what care they expect. You will have to change the way you speak in all different circumstances, speaking to children will be completely different to speaking to an adult or an elderly person. Body language and facial gestures also show as an important part of communicating with someone, even repeating what the other has said will show that you are taking them seriously. You need to be able to change your approach for all different situations and use different interventions to cater for each individual desire care.Word count 2055

Changing Attitudes of Stakeholders Towards CSR

Changing Attitudes of Stakeholders Towards CSRI. IntroductionToday, the cable length of productses are more(prenominal) sensitive than with the problems affecting communities and their national activities. A narrow ideological is just only the benefits and the profits of the enterprise itself, which is not longer relevant. The capacity building and awareness for businesses are the driving top executive to help them accelerate the process of consideration and attention to hearty aspects when making business decisions. Increasingly, businesses moldiness not only gain competitive advantage, reap the profits, further to create confidence for consumers through the imple mentation of social function Consumers are not only pay attention to quality and price of goods, they let stipendiary more attention to the effects of product on the environment.. Therefore, to further enhance corporate social responsibility is seen as essential requirements to ensure the sustainable education of the economy.Businesses increasingly interested in corporate social responsibility activities beca ingestion society increasingly poses more requirements for enterprises. Businesses benefit from the resources from the community so they must be answerable for contributing to the community. It does not mean companies do corporate social responsibility is really responsible that actually bring many benefits for businesses that typically enhance business reputation. Derived from the roots of corporate social responsibility, it means that a business should consider other things more out of profits if the business wants to protect his reputation and more for increase competitive advantage for Business.II. The social occasion of international multilateral organization and media in corporate social responsibility1. Social responsibility of enterprisesSocial responsibility of enterprises includes many issues. Firstly, businesses must ensure their activities do not cause harm to the envir onment, which means to show the friendliness with environment in the take processes and their business activities. Wastes from the production process must be handled through a process safe and friendly to environment. Hygiene of staff is also a matter of concern. Employees need to agree to raise awareness of environmental protection work around them. To ensure a clean environment will also contribute to raising productiveness and improving work efficiency.The following is a typical example for the successful implementation of environmental safety issues of the business. Corporation Pharmaceutical and veterinary supplies (HANVET) was established on 01/10/1988. Over 20 years of construction and development, to date, the play along has become one of the veterinary Drug Business in Vietnam. With over 400 employees, including professors, doctors, veterinarians adroit professional, plus the force skilled workers, equipped with mechanical systems, modern equipment, advanced technology, the company has been continuously offering quality products, giving practical effect to farmers and environmentally safe. The company soon plans and programs to implement environmental protection, regularly organizes periodic training on the knowledge of occupational safety for officers and employees.Every year, the company maintains the observation intrusion on the environment, timely corrective plan for repair and upgrades to ensure products meet sanitation standards. Domestic wastewater has high organic matter content, so the company has used methods for microbiological water treatment. Domestic wastes from offices, restaurants, public t embrocateets are estimated to be 12m3/day is processed by methods of anaerobic (septic tank) before being discharged into the receiving source.Wastewater of production is including cooling water, sanitation closed bottle of medicine in liquid formcompany is using biological methods combined physicochemical to ensure the inherent process and in organic solids in wastewater. through various water treatment systems intermediary, the water was given the biology lake to deposit sediment. The water in lake discharge standards TCVN 5945 1945, level B, will follow the sewage system spilled sewage system area. HANVET product veterinary drug so solid waste mainly containing packaging material, invalidate medicine bottles closed form solution, peel packages containing pills, powders, equipment replacement, sludge from wastewater treatment systems, slag, Therefore, the company has built warehouses to hold all types of solid waste. For solid waste rump be recycled, collected, classified for use, solid waste is not recyclable, the company signed a contract with the company to collect and transport units arrive with hygienic treatment. In addition to the waste treatment measures, a technology that the company is more focused investment in research and applications contribute to environmental protection that is oil sludge processing technology using biodegradable of system. Through this system, the toxic sludge on the environment has become a useful fertilizer for crops. In 2004, at Green Week Fair International in Haiphong, HANVET was awarded the Cup of sustainable development for the Green Industry of Vietnam by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. (Source hanviet.com Website www.hanvet.com.vn)Secondly, enterprises must take care to employees, who serve not only materially but also spiritually. They produce forthwithly products, serve their labor power for the development of the company. The caller-up need care to workers, such as annual health check, social welfare, trade unions, safety in productionThird, enterprises shall respect the equality mingled with men and women, not employment discrimination about gender and salaries that must be based on equality of each persons capacity. slightly countries such as China, Indiaor more than as South American countries, the U.S. still exists gender discrimination issues.Next, may not discriminate in ethnic group, not discriminating between normal and impaired body, their past. Another one, providing good quality product, not harm the health of consumers. Continue, to a portion of their profits to the aid community, because enterprise exists in the optic of a community that they can not just be know themselves. Last one, they must enjoy contribute the peace and security of the country and world.Through that, we can see at least four groups that businesses are been responsible behavior, including+Market and consumers+Employees+Community in the region and in society+Living purlieuThe benefits of building good social responsibility of business was express clearly byConstructions reputation and brand valueStrengthen the commitment of workers and enterprisesImprove the monetary capacity through cost-saving activities of the business and increase share valueEnsure the sustainable development of enterprisesRisk management and cris is betterIncrease productivity, ethics and allegiance of workerIncreased ability to attract a quality workforceEstablish good relationships with government and communityA good tool to incorporateOver the world, the leading large companies have adopted corporate social responsibility plan successfully such as Burgerville is a chain of restaurants armed service quality fast efficiently, saving time. They have invested $ 1.4 millions in health insurance to care for employees. That investment was paid off, work productivity of employees increased dramatically higher.Burgerville began give over 90% of each of its 1,050 hourly employees premiums in January 2006 as part of Holland Inc. s (the parent companys) mission statement of Serve with Love. To qualify, employees are required to have already worked in the restaurant for 20-plus hours a week for 6 months and agree to pay a monthly $15 for coverage. (Feel good fast food. January 21, 2008 http//www.feelgoodfastfood.org/wordpress/?p=3 27)Some enterprises have put corporate social responsibility into their business strategies. Typically, these social programs such as 6 million cups of milk for children Vietnam and funds scholarships fireflies light of the extensive brands like Vinamilk, Dutch Lady has resonated and consumer support households. Vinamilk will be awarded 6 million cups of milk which the equivalent of $ 25 billion for a total of 48,000 children throughout Vietnam. Each child was selected who will be drank Vinamilk 2 times/day throughout months. The main objective of the program are 18,000 primary school pupils from 15 provinces who have difficulties about economic of the 15 provinces and 30,000 thousands of disabled children, orphans, have special circumstances around the country.(Source http//www.dutchlady.com.vn and http//dantri.com.vn/c167/s167-316631/khoi-dong-quy-6-trieu-ly-sua-cho-tre-em-viet-nam.htm HYPERLINK http//dantri.com.vn/c167/s167-316631/khoi-dong-quy-6-trieu-ly-sua-cho-tre-em-viet-nam .htm 31/03/200931/03/2009)2. Social responsibility of mediaBeside companies, media also plays an important role in corporate social responsibility (CSR). The first role is to support an efficient way for businesses to promote corporate social responsibility programs. Enterprises can use mass media to inform the community and other stakeholders which are aware of CSR activities of their company. This is a useful tool for people who do PR for brand development and name of a product or an organization while ensuring the professional ethics of the PR industry which has met the wishes of the owner Industry. Especially in industries where the quality and price of products is almost equal, consumers will become more disturbed in making decisions, their choices. In that cases, users often choose products according to sensory and their liking so that CSR can be seen as an effective method to increase business reputation, or otherwise increase feelings of consumers to brand your product or business, it is increasing revenue for the company. The media has a direct influence thinking and actions of people and politicians. If used appropriately, the media can perform tasks inform, educate, reassure, make connections and understanding, suggesting the optical center, favorites, or create the ability to accept a situation that occurs when out. more(prenominal) and more people realize that all organizations whether large or small, public or private, limited liability or joint stock, which has more responsibility in their activities. Today, the media and the public are always interested in optical their activities than ever before. The communication principle is similar in scope to apply different organizations axis vertebra private organizations, voluntary, charitable or non-charitable. The significant increase in number and frequency of operation of the charitable organization has led to public demand for house servant and international recognition and appreciation are hi gher. This is the cause of the appearance of a series of media activities. The role of media is to inform and guide the public and the media reports, make them known to your organization, apologize the nature of work and general activities of the organization.III. RecommendationIn the 21st century, in the globalization economy, when human consciousness about the risks to the environment, the demand for social responsibility increased as required to control emissions of cars circulating on the streets, controlling dust levels in residential areas, etc. To sum up, corporate social responsibility social responsibility is seen as committed for mental, moral, cultural, for families, local communities and society, employees and environment. In market economies, individuals and businesses are actions that are best for them under the law permits. CSR is committed to the companys behavior in line with the advantage of society in activities related to the advantage of customers, suppliers, e mployees, shareholders, communities and environment. SCR is considered a category of business ethics (Business Ethics) relating to all business activities of enterprises. Media is a part important of SCR which contributes to the system of peoples thinking and success of the business. The media is grower, the faster, more sensitiveIV. REFERENCESFeel good fast food. January 21, 2008 http//www.feelgoodfastfood.org/wordpress/?p=327Source http//www.dutchlady.com.vn and http//dantri.com.vn/c167/s167-316631/khoi-dong-quy-6-trieu-ly-sua-cho-tre-em-viet-nam.htm HYPERLINK http//dantri.com.vn/c167/s167-316631/khoi-dong-quy-6-trieu-ly-sua-cho-tre-em-viet-nam.htm 31/03/200931/03/2009)Wikipedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibilityThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its simoleons by Milton Friedman. In The New York Times Magazine, September 13, 1970 http//www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business.htmlMedia SCR Forum http //mediacsrforum.org/Why Social Media Is Vital to Corporate Social Responsibility http//mashable.com/2009/11/06/social-responsibility/

The Military: An Impetus for Social Reform :: essays papers

The Military An Impetus for Social Reform basal WarThe military since the Colonial Era has been an heading for social reform in the United States. The Revolutionary War afforded Black Americans an opportunity to escape from the toils of sla truly and fight for freedom. Some Black Americans even bring in their freedom by fighting for the Colonists, but still the freedom they fought for wasnt their own. However, the military was responsible for the freedom of many slaves and some of these freed slaves became legendary soldiers like capital of Oregon Poor. His performance in battle gave credibility for future arguments about blacks being allowed to serve. In the colonial era slavery was permissible by law in every colony. Blacks were 20% of the overall population of the 13 colonies and only 8% of them were free blacks (www.history.org). Colonists commonly used African slave labor despite the doubtfulness of whether slavery was morally right. Life for blacks in the revolutionary period was one of slavery and discrimination. Only 8 percent of blacks were free Edgar A Toppin. Blacks in the American Revolution (published essay, Virginia State University, 1976), p 1 and this so-called freedom merely meant that they could own and defend property. They werent allowed to mingle with whites and were wholly segregated. Blacks during this time period worked predominantly in the fields planting and harvesting Tobacco. They worked long hours and were likely to be sold at some point in their lives. This separated families and kept morale very low. Plantation slaves were also subject to brutal punishments because they werent regarded as having high value. However, with the onset of the Revolutionary War, the British invited blacks to join the British Army and in return, they would fulfill their freedom. Thoughts of wholesale desertion of slaves to the British regiments created a fear that swept throughout the colonies and led colonists to allow blacks to fight for the local militias and even the army.Serving in the Revolutionary War enabled many slaves to earn their freedom, but to their dismay, not equality. Although blacks served in segregated units, the military gave them opportunity to gain respect through acts of courage and valor. Black soldiers like Salem Poor gained respect from white men. Lemuel Haynes used his military experience to fight for abolition of slavery by writing the essay Liberty supercharge Extended.

Bless Me, Ultima Essay -- essays research papers

Antonio is AlienatedI believe that in the novel Bless Me, Ultima Antonio is an alienated individual. He doesnt seem to exercise like any of the other kids his age and has been through so much more then they have. For example, Antonio is torn between making his mother happy and proper a priest, or making his father happy and becoming a cowboy type figure. He also has experienced a lot of oddment in his life to people he cared deeply about. I believe that Antonio is alienated because he has the mind of an adult, he is the only one who can piffle to Ultima, and he can see the future.Oddly, Antonio is the only one who understands Ultima. For example, in the beginning of the book Antonio shook Ultimas hand and he could sense the power of a whirlwind pass through hi...